Calculation method
Expected defective copies are quantity times your defect assumption. Replacement claims apply to the expected sellable copies after defect allowance. Spare components and fixed customer-service reserve are then added.
Scenario use
Lean and conservative plans apply 75% and 125% multipliers to your defect-plus-claim plan. They are sensitivity checks, not a forecast or an industry benchmark.
Example
A 3,000-copy project with a 2% defect assumption and 1% replacement claim assumption may need more reserve than a single percentage suggests once spare components and service copies are included.
Limits
Use your factory QC history and support experience where available. Actual claims can depend on fulfillment damage, component-level replacements, and campaign timing.